By M. SIDDIK GUMUS

WDM Book Review: “Confessions of a British Spy and Enmity Against Islam“

Introduction
“Confessions of a British Spy and British Enmity Against Islam” presents a strategic manual allegedly authored by a British spy during the colonial era, outlining methods to exploit perceived weaknesses in Muslim societies and dismantle their sources of strength. The text is accompanied by rebuttals that defend Islamic principles and Ottoman achievements, reflecting a clash between colonial subterfuge and cultural resilience. This review examines the book’s claims, the counterarguments provided, and their historical and ideological contexts.

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Summary of the Book’s Claims
The original text identifies 13 weak spots within Muslim societies:

1. Internal Divisions: Sectarian (Sunni-Shia), political (ruler vs. people), and tribal conflicts.
2. Ignorance and Illiteracy: Alleged widespread lack of education.
3. Spiritual and Moral Decay: Neglect of knowledge and conscience.
4. Otherworldly Focus: Disengagement from worldly progress.
5. Tyrannical Rulers: Emperors depicted as oppressive.
   6–13. Infrastructure and Governance Failures: Unsafe roads, poor public health, economic collapse, weak military, and environmental neglect.

The book then lists 23 power sources of Muslims, including unity under Islam, adherence to religious practices (prayer, jihad, charity), strong community bonds, and reverence for scholars and the Qur’an. To undermine these, it recommends fostering division, obstructing education, promoting asceticism, and manipulating rulers.

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Rebuttals and Counterarguments
The rebuttals, likely from a defender of Ottoman and Islamic heritage, systematically refute the claims:

• Internal Unity: The Ottoman system prioritized scholars, as seen in Sultan Mahmud II’s refusal to execute Mawlana Khalid Baghdadi, stating, “Scholars would by no means be harmful to the State.”
• Education and Literacy: Ottoman villages had mosques and schools; even peasants were literate in faith and crafts.
• Balance of Worldly and Spiritual: Citing the Prophet’s hadith, “Work for the world as though you’ll never die, and for the Hereafter as if you’ll die tomorrow,” the rebuttal emphasizes Islam’s holistic ethos.
• Infrastructure and Governance: Ottoman roads were safe for pilgrims, hospitals like those that treated Napoleon existed, and cities like Delhi under Firuz Shah boasted advanced irrigation systems.
• Military Strength: Historical examples, such as Bayezid I’s victory at Nicopolis (1396), challenge the claim of weak armies.

The rebuttal also counters strategies to erode Muslim strengths, arguing that Islamic teachings inherently promote unity, education, and ethical governance, making external subversion difficult.

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Analysis
The original text reflects colonial tactics of division and cultural erosion, exploiting perceived vulnerabilities. However, the rebuttal’s reliance on Ottoman achievements risks idealizing the past. For instance, while Ottoman infrastructure was advanced for its time, later decline is overlooked. Similarly, the defense of caliphs as just rulers contrasts with historical complexities of power struggles.

The spy’s advice to promote asceticism (e.g., via Ghazali’s Ihya Ulum al-Din) is astutely countered by distinguishing zuhd (detachment from materialism) from neglect of worldly duties. The rebuttal’s emphasis on Islamic balance—education, hygiene, and governance—highlights a nuanced understanding often absent in colonial narratives.

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Conclusion
“Confessions of a British Spy and British Enmity Against Islam” offers a stark lens into colonial strategies to destabilize Muslim societies by amplifying divisions and undermining cultural pillars. The rebuttals, rooted in Ottoman history and Islamic theology, reveal a resilient identity that resisted such tactics through communal cohesion and institutional strength. While the text serves as a historical artifact of imperial manipulation, the counterarguments underscore the enduring relevance of unity and ethical governance in facing external challenges. This dialogue between subversion and resilience remains pertinent in contemporary discourses on cultural identity and colonialism.

Rating: ★★★★☆ (A compelling historical document with rich counterpoints, though requiring critical engagement with both perspectives.)

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This review synthesizes the text’s dual narratives, contextualizing them within broader historical and ideological struggles, and invites reflection on the interplay between external domination and cultural preservation.