Is Somalia more important to Turkey than Syria? Türkiye has argueably offered Syria to the State of Israel on a golden platter. Similarly, one could ask the question: Is Somalia more important to Turkey than Ethiopia?
The Emirate of Harar was under the protection of the Ottoman Empire through Egypt when the Ottomans ceded it to the British in 1875. The British Empire then surrendered the Somali Emirate to the Ethiopian Empire in 1897.
Türkiye inherited the Ottoman Empire from the Umayyad Caliphate of Syria. About 3 million Kurds in Syria identify themselves as part of Türkiye too. Syria and Turkey shared more than 900 km of the border. What ethnic Somali are to Ethiopian is what Kurds Syrians are to Türkiye . If Türkiye could sell out Syria to Israel and the USA, Türkiye would also sell out Somalia to Ethiopia.
Despite the fact that Ethiopia has more trade with Türkiye than Somalia, Somalia is Turkey’s fastest growing trading partner in Africa. Moreover, Somalia is the only country in Africa where the government has resorted to outsourcing its public services to Turkish companies amidst the high unemployment rate in the country. Trade relations between Turkey and Somalia are also witnessing remarkable growth, especially in the fields of food, clothing, medicine, furniture, and building materials. The value of pasta (spaghetti) imported from Turkey alone last year reportedly amounted to 300 million US dollars.
The Somali government allows Turkish contractors to participate in construction projects in both the private and public sectors. For example, Turkish contractors built the Istanbul Hotel in Mogadishu from the private sector and the Afgoye-Mogadishu Road and the Mogadishu-Jowhar Road from the public sector. By the way, Turkish activities are not limited to Mogadishu but are also active in other parts of Somalia.
Turkish businesses which are thriving in Somalia include Turkish Airlines, Erdogan and Yardimli Hospitals, the Turkish Visa Processing Center, and two Turkish companies, Favori LLC and Albayrak, which currently run Mogadishu’s airport and main seaport respectively. Turkey’s state-owned Islamic bank Ziraat Katilim has a branch in Mogadishu, and Somalia is home to Turkey’s largest overseas military airbase
Moreover, the Decale Hotel at Mogadishu airport is run by Turkish intelligence and from there they actively monitor the security of Turkish interests in Somalia. Every Friday, cash parcels are loaded onto Turkish Airlines to Istanbul as revenue for Turkish companies in Somalia.
That being said, no one underestimates the huge humanitarian and technical development aid that Turkey provides to Somalia in the form of development projects in various sectors such as health, education, military and police training, and municipal services that have improved the lives of many people in Mogadishu.
Just this year, relations between Turkey and Somalia have reached a new level. The two countries have signed major deals. A comprehensive maritime and defence agreement was signed in February, and an oil and gas cooperation agreement was reached in March 2024. Although these deals need some transparency and perhaps public scrutiny, they are still in their early stages.
Future relations between Turkey and Somalia will depend on a combination of preconceptions and post-conceptions, including the ongoing Türkiye mediation efforts between Somalia and Ethiopia. This is a litmus test for Türkiye. Great power competition for influence in Mogadishu, regional rivalries, security challenges, and domestic Somali politics will pose significant challenges to these agreements and Turkey’s quest for a greater role in the Horn of Africa.
Ahmed Siad
December 11, 2024
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