WAREYSI RADIO GOOBJOOG

The most destabilising factor in Somali body-politic is the post of the president. This post is the source of all evils and adequately represents what went wrong in Somalia’s statecraft. Somali society is still primative and can not remodel advanced governance structures of modern societies. Under this title, its abusive nature, historical background, political tradition of governance in Somalia, practise of despotism, corruption, nepotism, tribalism and gross abuses of power without any checks and balances, originates from this presidential position. No matter what the national constitution stipulated under the parliamentary system, the president grabs power upon election, making the parliament, judiciary, and cabinet disabled and irrelevant as well as weakening of other public institutions across the board. The position, title, and powers of a president must be abolished constitutionally in Somalia. We believe that way a great burden on Somalia’s destabilising main factor could be lifted, and Somalia could be saved now from the brink of abyss. The problem of national presidency also cascades down to the presidents of the Somali Federal Member States. The title of regional president should be scrapped similarly. Understand that the title of the “president or head of state” is toxic in Somalia’s statehood and self-government. We know that from our history and experience. It isn’t just a theory.

To think through this idea, we have to first recognise that we have a severe governance problem that can’t be resolved through conventional thinking. We need advanced research into this issue, but we can start with a national congress to explore different ideas and consult widely, and agree to a New Deal.

One option in the menu of options is to  explore the idea of creating a Council of Chairpersons with an annual rotating chair role. That way, continuity of governance experience and government operations could be maintained, and clan rivalries eliminated once and for all.

___________

If you enjoyed this story and would like to read more like it, consider supporting WDM work by  subcribing to our Annual Subscription at +252 90 703 4081. Your support helps us to keep producing more content like this.

In previous articles, we have highlighted the urgent need for budgetary and structural reforms in Puntland’s government. The latest developments confirm that the situation has worsened, with key ministries and state agencies now frozen due to a severe lack of operational funds.

A Chronic Structural Problem

The Puntland Government has long relied on international donor-funded projects to keep its institutions running. However, when these funds dry up, ministries grind to a halt because the government has failed to allocate even minimal operational and development budgets. Unlike other Somali Federal Member States, which lack basic institutional frameworks, Puntland has well-established public institutions and a vast territory to administer. Yet, without sustainable financing, these institutions risk total collapse.

Who is to Blame?

While Mogadishu’s economic sanctions have exacerbated the crisis, the primary responsibility lies with successive Puntland administrations that failed to implement long-term budgetary solutions. The donor community also shares some blame for fostering dependency rather than supporting self-sufficiency.

The Way Forward

To prevent further institutional paralysis, the Puntland Government must:

1. Prioritize institutional capacity in annual budget allocations.
2. Diversify revenue streams to reduce reliance on external funding.
3. Implement structural reforms to ensure ministries can function independently.

This crisis is not new—it is the result of years of neglect. Without immediate action, Puntland’s governance system may face irreversible damage. The time for reform is now.

(Originally published on Ismail Warsame’s blog. Updated for clarity and 

BADLY NEEDED ADMINISTRATIVE REFORMS IN PUNTLAND

___________

If you enjoyed this story and would like to read more like it, consider supporting WDM work by  subcribing to our Annual Subscription at +252 90 703 4081. Your support helps us to keep producing more content like this.

https://x.com/radiodaljir/status/1874665964840603723?t=ZSqIJ7v3T7uTed6JQPVEKg&s=09

WDM EDITORIAL

Press reports indicate that Puntland Government opposition, though small and disorganised, is now mostly united to support the administration campaigns against ISIS hiding in eastern mountains of the state. Apparently, such a call for the defence of motherland doesn’t apply to President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud and his small like-minded henchmen of Dambul-Jadid Clique.  It looks like this group has other priorities and isn’t interested in unifying the country for either nation-building nor defence of its sovereignty and territorial integrity.  Defending the country from domestic and foreign enemies is a constitutional mandate and national defence obligation of every citizen. Why does one seek public office if they don’t have basic understanding of the rights and obligations of a citizen? It is incredible, to say the least.

Foreign powers monitoring the jihadist movements worldwide, and people here weren’t surprised to learn that foreign fighters from multiple foreign countries of origin were among the dead in battling with Puntland State forces the other day. Residents in South-Central Somalia are alarmed by the news of the death of foreign jihadists in Puntland State. Now, imagine Houthis of Yemen nearby joining in the fight, too. 

However, we need to see the bigger picture of this Puntland State fight against ISIS – this fight is about the struggles of the Somali people against foreign terrorists, for what is good for Puntland State is good for all Somalis. President Mohamud and his Mogadishu clique should join the fight in good faith and take cues from Puntland State experience.

It is already the 2nd day of January 2025, and the world has not come to an end, despite flames of wars occurring in every corner. Tremendous sufferings of human race, environmental destruction, and poisonous global pollution are taking place throughout due to bad decisions by unscrupulous politicians and corporate sharks at expenses of our own survival on earth, the poor, desperate, and defenceless innocent people.

The date of January 2025 seems to be somehow incomprehensible. It feels that I was stuck in the dates of 1990s, and the calendar couldn’t pass beyond that. I don’t know about you, but the date 2025 is too much and too heavy on me mentally. Paradoxically, I can’t figure out why.

Nevertheless, life goes on even without you, me, or anybody else. That is because Almighty is in control, and no one else has any power to influence the destiny of life on earth.

Feel the real world of Almighty beyond human compression. Only He knows what He is doing, what is in store for all of us.

Omar Samater Secondary School (OSSS) was one of three high schools financed and built in Galkayo, Mogadishu (15 May Secondary School) and Hargheisa (1st July Secondary School) by the European Economic Commission (EEC) in the 1960s Opening in 1970 as a boarding education facility, Omar Samater Secondary School, was especially equipped with with state of the art complex school kitchen with food delivery conveyors and technology of food preparation and hygiene. It was the first of its kind school ever built in Somalia, if not in the entire continent of Africa. The school with modern labs, well supplied library, living quarters for both students, and highly qualified teaching staff was a wonder of Somalia. The school served to educate students from the entire Northeast Regions of Somalia, Galgadud Region, then part of Mudugh, and beyond like Hiraan Region.

From eyewitness account of a former student and graduate of Omar Samater Secondary School and former cabinet minister of Puntland State, himself hailing  from Galgadud Region, Mohamed Hassan, one sad day, the Military Regime Minister of Education, Abdirisaq Mohamed Abubakar, surprisingly and suddenly came to visit the school. According to this account, also coroporated by several others, Minister Abubakar was mesmerised by the technology and equipment in operation at school, in the school kitchen, in particular. He declared: “These poor students and school don’t deserve to have such equipment. They deserve to burn charcoal and firewood here. This equipment must be removed. ” When asked where to move the equipment, he was quoted as saying ” to “Curuuba Hotel” in Mogadishu. He instructed the school staff to prepare students for military drills as well, “not indulged in luxury here.”  Students and school staff were helpless to influence this madman’s arbitrary decision or have any say in the matter.

This action wasn’t only abuse of power by the Late Siyad Barre stooge and henchman but a crime against humanity.

A few weeks later, four large military trucks came to the school to ship school equipment away to Mogadishu.

The school kitchen wasn’t designed for charcoal and firewood burning. After removal of the equipment, they had to dismantle concrete walls to build new school kitchen outdoors.

That is an ugly and sad experience of a “city-state dictatorship.” This stoty should never ever repeat itself in Somalia if this country can survive at all.

Statement by Dir Biyomaal Community

The Owner of Hormuud Group of Companies in Somalia,  Mr. Ahmed Nor Jimcaalle is planning a secret land grab of Dir Biyomaal lands in Lower Shabeelle Province. Hormuud and its land grabbing strategy in Lower Shabeelle of Dir Biyomaal land rights is alarming. Now, there is ethnic tension among the Dir Biyomaal community following a reported directive by President Hassan Sheikh Mohamoud in collaboration with Mr. Ahmed Nor Jimcaalle, owner of Hormuud Group of Companies. Over the past couple of years, Hormuud has been engaged in secret plans to seize Dir Biyomaal lands without consent. Mr. Ahmed Nor Jimcaalle is expected to facilitate and provide funds for this project, while President Hassan Sheikh will process all its necessary legislation.

Hormuud is providing financial support for an initiative to resettle over 10,000 Hawiye families in Lower Shabeelle. The Dir clan views these actions as a significant threat, characterizing them as ethnic cleansing orchestrated by both President Hassan Sheikh and Mr. Ahmed Nor Jimcaalle, a prominent ideological and financial leader of the Hawiye clan. In light of these developments, the Dir clan urgently calls on the international community, including the United Nations, UN human rights organizations, and International Criminal Court, to recognize their situation and condemn President Hassan Sheikh Mohamoud and Mr. Ahmed Nor Jimcaalle as warmongers engaged in ethnic cleansing. They denounce the covert activities against the Dir clan’s territory in Lower Shabeelle.The clan warns that the actions of President Hassan Sheikh and Mr. Nor Jimcaalle pose a grave risk of reigniting civil conflict in Somalia. This concern is heightened by ongoing unrest in Jubaland, particularly, and the recent conflict between Leelkase and Habargidir Sacad clans in Mudugh Region, which has reopened old wounds from past atrocities committed by the Hawiye clan since 1991.The Dir clan stands firm in their resolve to protect their rights and territory and will not tolerate any further encroachments. This expansionism driven by the Hawiye clan threatens the fragile peace in Somalia. Furthermore, the Dir clan warns international organizations, the International Criminal Court, and donor countries against becoming complicit in what they perceive as ethnic cleansing activities. They assert that the actions of President Hassan Sheikh and Mr. Ahmed Nor Jimcaalle reflect a deep-seated ethnic hatred against the Dir clan, which will never be accepted. The Dir clan pledges to fight for their rightful lands until their last breath, stating emphatically that anyone who attempts to move onto their lands will not be tolerated, and they will not take any responsibility for the consequences.

[Courtesy].

The vision of Greater Somalia is dead, mainly because of Somalia’s strategic failure and inability to counter complex conspiracies by superpowers supporting Somalia’s strategic and geopolitical enemies. Following that abysmal failure of Somali thought and leadership in that regard, many of us were taking cues from the European experience after the Second World War that territories which came under the rule of different powers should be left alone as long as residents in the occupied lands enjoy equal rights in their new countries.That experiment gave Europe peace and prosperity. In the case of Somalia, leaving alone Somali territories forcefully occupied by our neighbouring countries with the aid of colonial powers came with a high price and tremendous sufferings.

Now, we ended up having a new challenge of defending the remaining, seemingly independent portion of Somalia under attack by our neighbours again, drawing the help this time from even our UAE and Turkish Muslim brothers. A new player is coming in too, Israel, in the mix.

How are we going to handle this new aggression with such a successive failure of leadership in this poor and unfortunate country?

There is a potential risk that the idea of Greater Somalia may eventually transform into greater Ethiopia and Israel into our land.

Have your say.

WDM EDITORIAL

When incompetence and corruption are orders of the day and the system is unable to effectively address and change course; when foreign agents, spies and extremists take advantage of the weakness of a falling regime; when foreign powers dictate their interests; when there is no strong opposition parties to expose and challenge the government of the day; when finger-pointing starts for failure and continuous political fiascos, and scandals by officials lose any meaning, these are the  sure signs that the regime is about to collapse – it may come in slow motion by its own inertia, but it will happen. Unfortunately, there is no apparent alternative when the system finally implodes. It happened in 1991 and it will again. It is now an objective historical process that no one can stop it. In the meantime, a great amount of damage has been done to Somali national interests, some irreversible.

Luckily, the federal system that Somalia had adopted after the Civil War to prevent city-state despotism is the only safety valve now to ensure total collapse of the Somali State doesn’t occur in the same way as in 1991. However, this collapse will occur mainly due to resistance to the federal system by the leaders of successive administrations of the  Somali federal government. This is the unintended consequence of their misguided vision in earnest search for central dictatorship, for federalism in Somalia is a de facto reality following the Civil War.

This time around, public accountability will happen after the ashes of Somalia’s central authority in Mogadishu. For sure, this imminent potential collapse of Somalia’s government will be different from the past in many ways. For one, there will be no hiding place anywhere in the world for looters of public wealth and those that have committed gross wrong-doing and state crimes. This time around, Somali communities are everywhere in the globe to chase criminals, on the top of expected  persecution by future emerging governments of the Somali State.

“It has come to our attention that the current Somali government delegation dispatched to Cairo and Addis Ababa lacks the necessary competencies to effectively represent Somalia’s interests.The team in Addis Ababa, in particular, is facing significant challenges. Notably, there is an absence of a legal team, and the members possess minimal diplomatic experience and negotiation skills. This situation has led to a detrimental impact on Somalia’s standing and negotiations in Ethiopia, where the host country appears to favor representatives from Somalia who lack the requisite capabilities.Moreover, it has been observed that two individuals identified as Ethiopian agents are leading the Somali delegation, further compromising Somalia’s position.It is imperative that Somalia reassess its delegation strategy and consider appointing individuals with proven diplomatic skills, effective negotiators, and a knowledgeable technical team to ensure Somalia’s interests are adequately represented.”

DIPLOMATIC ASSESSMENT

“The situation in Somalia, particularly regarding the tensions between the Federal Government and Jubbaland, is indeed complex and critical. The aggressive stance of President Hassan Sheikh Mohamoud towards Jubbaland has heightened divisions within the country, leading to violent confrontations between government and regional authorities. Key Factors Contributing to the Conflict:

1. Political Rivalry

The leadership conflict between the federal government and regional authorities like Jubbaland often stems from differing visions of governance and control over resources.

2. Historical Context

Somalia has a long history of clan-based politics, and Jubbaland’s leadership is closely tied to specific clan interests, complicating relationships with the federal government.

3. Security Concerns

Ongoing security challenges, including threats from extremist groups, exacerbate the situation, as both sides vie for control and legitimacy.

4. International Influence

The involvement of foreign powers in Somali politics can also impact the dynamics between the federal government and regional states.

5.Implications of the Conflict

The implications of this conflict are severe, contributing to a broader humanitarian crisis, displacement, and further instability across Somalia. Addressing these issues requires careful dialogue and reconciliation efforts to bridge divides and foster a more unified political landscape.”

Subject; President Hassan Sheikh and Hawiye Clan Expansionism Against Dir Biyomaal Lands in Lower Shabeelle Province.

Statement on Land Rights and Ethnic Tensions

A direct order from President Hassan Sheikh Mohamoud to the Ministry of Planning and Investment reportedly plans to seize the land of the Dir Biyomaal community by force, without their consent. The Dir clan has warned President Hassan Sheikh Mohamoud about what they perceive as ethnic cleansing plans targeting them, asserting that the expansionist actions of the Hawiye clan will not be tolerated.

The Dir clan calls upon the international community, including the UN and human rights organizations, to acknowledge their plight and condemn President Hassan Sheikh as a warmongering figure. They denounce his clandestine activities against the Dir clan’s Biyomaal lower Shabeelle territory.

Furthermore, the clan emphasizes that President Hassan Sheikh Mohamoud’s actions threaten to plunge Somalia back into civil war, as clearly evidenced by the ongoing unrest jubaland and other part of country since he assumed power, reopening old wounds from the atrocities committed by the Hawiye clan since 1991, which remain unresolved.

The Dir clan also wishes to inform UNSOM and other international organizations that there are no internally displaced persons (IDPs) as suggested. The claim of relocating 10,000 Hawiye clansmen to Dir clan lower Shabeelle land is viewed as a tactic of Hawiye expansionism. They question why, if relocation is necessary, those being relocated are not returning to their own lands.

The Dir clan warns international organizations and donors countries against becoming complicit in what they see as ethnic cleansing activities. They assert that President Hassan Sheikh’s actions reflect a deep-seated ethnic hatred against the Dir clan, which we will never be accepted. The Dir clan pledges to fight for their rightful lands until their last breath, stating emphatically that anyone who moves to their lands will not be tolerated, and they will not take responsibility for the consequences.

In any corner of Somali-inhabited geography, tribal disputes and clashes are live non-stop. Lives are being lost with impunity, and properties and livestock are being destroyed daily. No accountability of any kind rendered. Even today, a country location called Harfo (North Mudugh), which is not far off from Puntland Capital Garowe, two close subclans are clashing for minor habitat issues that don’t serve the loss of human lives.

Now, even such tribal hostilities rage on with the instigation and participation of the fledgling national government. The recent armed conflict in Jubaland State between FGS and the Member State is the prime example. Arms trafficking, including heavy gun-mounted so-called “technicals” is unprecedented as a result of the UN lifting of Arms Embargo on Somalia. Talk about peace and nation-building in Somalia!

In 2005 when I was working briefly with the United Nations and World Bank on the Somali Research and Development Program (RDP) called Joint Needs Assessment (JNA), I have learned something that seemed odd and strange to me at the time. In my little capacity as the Technical Coordinator with a multi-national teams of experts to carry out this needs assessment as the Transitional Federal Government (TFG) of Somalia was established in Mbagathi, Kenya, in 2004, I travelled with these foreign experts from UN and World Bank, or hired by them to conduct such research and assessment for Somalia’s needs to recover from multifaced destruction following the Civil War. In fact, the Somali New Deal, signed in 2013 in Brussels, Belgium, between the Federal Government of Somalia (FGS) and European Union (EU), was based on JNA and RDP field works in Somalia.  Abdirahman Faroole and Abdirisaq Jurile were ministers of planning and international cooperation of Puntland and the Transitional Federal Government, respectively, coordinating with our technical teams of Puntland State, South-Central Somalia and Somaliland administrations.

Upon landing on any Somali town, locally hired UN security staff was handy to give us security briefs on local issues. They always used to say that there was no peace in a tribal society, and human lives didn’t matter much there. I admit I was annoyed by the statements of these UN security personnel on local conditions and wrongly assumed that they were unpatriotic and even traitors. I was wrong.

From there, I learned that stupidity reigns supreme in a clan-dominated environment. There, neighbours and relatives fight to the last man. It could start any minute unpredictably without notice. Tribal conflicts and fights to the finish could be started by a single teenager, followed by the fall of numerous innocent people and bystanders. Unfortunately, this war within clans and subclans has been going on for centuries without any lessons learned. They couldn’t at least develop a mechanism or system for individual accountability. They continue to practise collective responsibilities for individual wrong-doing. That is why everyone is at personal risk of being targeted for belonging to a wrong clan. In fact, one of the biggest faulty lines of the famous Somali traditional leadership lies there. It is a wild world of savagery. You can now see this stupidity displayed in social media as unrestrained and mentally sick people contributing to Somalia’s social chaos and degradation of cherished Somali family values. Be careful!

That is the primative tribal society blessed with feeble rudimentary minds that we expect them to build a nation-state in Somalia. That is an illusion bordering on insanity. That is the reality we are dealing with. Welcome to the real world of Somalia.

___________

If you enjoyed this story and would like to read more like it, consider supporting WDM work by  subcribing to our Annual Subscription at +252 90 703 4081. Your support helps us to keep producing more content like this.

[This article has been updated after posting].

QORAAL ARAGTIDA WDM

Isku dayga hirgelinta arrintaasi, daabacaada lacag hal dowlad goboleed oo qayb ka ah dowlada federalka ee Somalia, Waxay noqon doontaa waqti iyo hanti lumis taas oo si loo daba galo ay noqondoonto arrin adag ama wax mala awaal ahoo kale ah. Lacagta waa in ay dadweynuhu aqbalaan oo ay ku beddelan karaan lacagaha kale ee qalaad. Aynu ka soo qaadno in ay aqbali doonaan shacabka dawladda Puntland, ka dibna ay noqon doonto mid u cuntami doonta guud ahaan shacabka Soomaaliyeed. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Bangiga dawladda Puntland iyo dadka deegaanka ayaa si degdeg ah ay uga dhammaan doontaa wareegtada lacagta cusub (currency circulation). Maamul-goboleedka Puntland waxa uu awoodi waayi doona in uu daboolo baahida iyo sahayda ka haysata guud ahaan Soomaaliya oo ay ku jirto Somaliland.
Waxaa intaa dheer, way adag tahay in dadka reer Puntland ay aqbalaan ama laga aqbalo in ay alaab iyo adeegyo ku iibsadaan/iibiyaan meeshii doolarka Mareykanka ee hadda laga isticmaalo guud ahaan Soomaaliya. Waa dhaqaale ku salaysan dollarka iyada oo aynaan ka tirsanayn Maraykanka sida wadamo dhawr ah oo aduunka ka jira.
Maadaama uu dhaqaaluhu ku saleysan yahay dollar, sida kor loogu soo cadeeyey, daabacaadda lacagta Soomaaliga, Bangiga Dawladda Puntland waxaa ku waajib ah in uu dejiyo sarifka lacagaha qalaad iyo in uu diyaar u yahay in uu lacag adag oo dollarka Maraykanka ah u qaybiyo macaamiishiisa iyo dhammaan dadka degan iyo dadka safarka ah ee ku sugan Puntland. Sidoo kale waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in la qaabilikaro lacagta Puntland ee ku jirta sarifka lacagaha qalaad sida dollarka ee laga keeno gobolada kale ee dalka Soomaaliya oo ay ganacsatada iyo dadka safarka ah ee reer Puntland ay ku iibsan jireen badeecado iyo adeegyo ka baxsan dowladda, taas oo ah arrin uusan Bankiga Puntland awoodeeda lahayn. Arrintaas ayaa ku filan sida aysan suurtagal u ahayn daabacaada shilin Soomaali ah oo u gaar noqon doonta Dawladda Puntland.
Hadii dhinac kale loo dhigo, beddelka ah in Maamul-goboleedka Puntland loo daabaco lacagteeda maxaliga ah oo la aqbalo sida Somaliland oo kale waa safar adag oo lagu shaacinayo ka go’itaanka Soomaaliya inteeda kale. Tani ma waxa aan ka hadlayno baa marka laga hadalayo hadal jeedinta iyo ku dhawaaqida dabacaada lacag u gaar ah Dawladda Puntland? Taasi ma shaqayn-doonto, waayo Xukuumadda Puntland kaligeed ma go’aansan karto haddii aysan jirin rabitaan baaxad leh ee dadka deggan Puntland. Waxaa la ogyahay in Hogaamiyaha arrintan ku dhawaaqay xilligiisii 1aad, kaligii masuulka ka ahaa in uu meesha ka saaro kalsoonidii ay shacabku ku qabeen Shilinka Soomaaliga markii horeba. Talo, halaga digtoonaado ku takrifalka dadka masaakiinta ah ee deegaanka Puntland.

(Waxa tarjumay Prof. Abdiqani Danla’aan).

افتتاحية WDM

سيكون إهدارًا للوقت والموارد لمتابعة حلم بعيد المنال من هذا النوع. يجب أن تكون العملة مقبولة من قبل الجمهور وقابلة للتبادل مع العملات الأخرى. لنفترض أنها ستكون مقبولة من قبل عامة الناس في ولاية بونتلاند، ثم ستكون مقبولة من قبل السكان الصوماليين على نطاق واسع كما حدث من قبل. ومع ذلك، فإن بنك ولاية بونتلاند والمقيمين سينفدون من تداول العملة بنفس السرعة التي حدث بها من قبل. لم تتمكن ولاية بونتلاند من مواجهة تحديات العرض والطلب عليها في جميع أنحاء الصومال، بما في ذلك أرض الصومال.

علاوة على ذلك، من غير المرجح أن يقبل سكان بونتلاند استخدامها لشراء السلع والخدمات بدلاً من الدولار الأمريكي المستخدم حاليًا في جميع أنحاء الصومال. إنه اقتصاد قائم على الدولار دون أن يكون جزءًا من الولايات المتحدة على غرار مواقف عدد قليل من البلدان الأخرى في العالم.

إننا نرى أن بنك ولاية بونتلاند سوف يضطر، من أجل طباعة العملة الصومالية، إلى تحديد أسعار الصرف بالعملة الأجنبية، وأن يكون متاحاً لتوزيع الدولارات الأميركية التي حصل عليها بشق الأنفس على عملائه وجميع المقيمين والمسافرين في ولاية بونتلاند. ومن الضروري أيضاً استيعاب عملة بونتلاند المتداولة في صورة عملات أجنبية من مناطق أخرى في الصومال، والتي اعتاد تجار بونتلاند والمسافرون فيها شراء السلع والخدمات خارج الولاية. وهذا يكفي لطباعة الشلن الصومالي.

إن البديل المتمثل في طباعة عملة ولاية بونتلاند المحلية وقبولها مثل عملة أرض الصومال هو رحلة شاقة إلى إعلان الانفصال الأحادي عن الأجزاء المتبقية من الصومال. فهل هذا ما نتحدث عنه؟ هذا أيضاً لن ينجح، لأن حكومة ولاية بونتلاند لا تستطيع أن تقرر ذلك بمفردها دون إرادة ساحقة من سكان ولاية بونتلاند. إننا نستمتع بتفكير متفائل من جانب زعيم كان، بالمناسبة، في ولايته الأولى، مسؤولاً وحده عن تقويض الثقة العامة في الشلن الصومالي في الولاية في المقام الأول. توقفوا عن السخرية من هؤلاء السكان الفقراء السذج.

WDM EDITORIAL

It will be a waste of time and resources to pursue a pipe dream of this kind. A currency must be accepted by the public and interchangeable with other currencies. Let us assume that it will be accepted by the Puntland State public, and then it will be acceptable to the Somali population at large as it had happened before. However, Puntland  State Bank and residents will run out of currency circulation as fast as it had happened before. Puntland State was unable to meet the challenges of demand and supply for it throughout Somalia, including Somaliland.

Moreover, it is unlikely that even Puntland  residents would accept it to buy goods and services in the place of US dollars currently used throughout Somalia. It is a dollar based economy without being a part of the United States similar to the situations of a few other countries in the world.

In our view, for printing Somali currency, Puntland State Bank will be obliged to set exchange rates in foreign currency and be available to hand out hard earned US dollars to its customers and all residents and travellers in Puntland State. It is also necessary to absorb Puntland currency in circulation in foreign exchange from other regions of Somalia that Puntland traders and travellers used to buy goods and services outside the state. That is enough for printing of Somali shillings.

The alternative of Puntland State having its local currency printed and accepted like Somaliland’s is a rough ride to the declaration of unileral secession from the remaining parts of Somalia. Is this what we are talking about? That too won’t fly, for the Government of Puntland State can’t decide that alone without the overwhelming will of the residents of Puntland State. We are being entertained by wishful thinking of a leader, who, by the way in his 1st term, was solely responsible for undermining public trust in Somali shillings in the state in the first place. Stop kidding these guillable poor residents.

WDM EDITORIAL

The spread of violence and armed confrontations between the fledgling Federal Government of Somalia (FGS) and some of the Federal Member States (airlift of federal troops to Ras Cambooni,  Garbaharey, and Bardheere in Jubaland State) after the UN ARMS EMBARGO on Somalia was prematurely lifted indicates that authorities in Somalia can’t be entrusted with arms and debt relief. Airlifting troops to depose the leaders of the Federal Member States clearly demonstrates that there is no responsible regime for peace and safety of citizens in the country, at least not yet.

Doing due diligence and prudent course of action now by the international community is to re-impose the sanctions on Mogadishu until Somali irresponsible authorities get the message, and even initiate further sanctions against personalities in leadership for their impunity against human rights abuses and violations of the country’s constitutional order, and solemn agreements reached by the people of Somalia to end the long running civil war.

Many in Somalia now believe that the UN Security Council’s lifting of arms embargo has helped peace spoilers get the weapons and funds they needed to continue the civil war under the disguise of a sovereign state.

We believe that the current constitutional crisis and chaos, renewed violence, and instability in this troubled country are just the beginning of what about to come from now on.

Alarmingly, the fight against Al–Shabab and ISIS isn’t listed anymore in the New Agenda of President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud.

___________

If you enjoyed this story and would like to read more like it, consider supporting WDM work by  subcribing to our Annual Subscription at +252 90 703 4081. Your support helps us to keep producing more content like this.

Dear Citizen,

I do not care if my president, minister, director, lawyer, or service provider is hailing from Hawiye, Daarood, or anyone else as long as one is playing fair and square. A good government is one that enjoys strong support from all its citizens, with no nepotism, corruption, or preferential treatment- one person or situation should be treated in the same way that another person or situation is treated with equal fairness under the law,  a government that unites its people,  territory and good, credible and representative leadership.

A responsible government is one that abides by the law, upholds the constitution, and respects the will and the participation of all the people. The best government is one that enjoys the trust of its citizens.

Such a responsive administration would defend the rights of its citizens, enforce the law equally, protect its people from external and internal threats, preserve the integrity of the territory of the homeland, maintain peace, administer justice, foster social and economic developments and deliver public services, using best practices.

Ahmed Siad
December 19, 2024

WDM APPEAL FOR PEACE

Erigavo was one of the few shining towns for multi-clan peaceful coexistence in Somalia. It is unfortunate that it is experiencing violence and displacement of innocent law-abiding residents living in harmony and understanding for centuries. Erigavo tranquillity and calm must be restored quickly. Violators of peace and security must be brought to justice . Erigavo should be saved from the brink of disaster now. All must help to achieve restraint and calm in Erigavo. Authorities in Somaliland and SSC-KHADUMO must respond positively to the imperative need for peace in Erigavo now.

.. ……End of appeal…….

“Analysis of One Person, One Vote (1P1V) in Somalia

The principle of One Person, One Vote (1P1V) is crucial for establishing a genuine democratic framework. However, the current context in Somalia poses significant challenges. Below is a structured breakdown of the key points regarding 1P1V and its implications for democratic elections:

1. Self-Governance

• Democratic Foundation: Democracy is fundamentally based on the belief that the state belongs to its citizens.
• Sovereign Right: Citizens possess the inherent right to choose their leaders through free and fair elections, as defined by the constitution.
  2. Rule of Law
• Governance: Elected officials must operate according to established laws, ensuring fairness in the electoral process.
• Transparency: The election process should be transparent, with equal rules for all candidates and no misuse of state resources.
  3. Freedom
• Rights of Participants: Voters and candidates must have the freedom to campaign, express opinions, and assemble without restrictions.
• Equal Opportunities: All participants in the electoral process should be provided with equal opportunities to engage. Concerns Regarding President Hassan Sheikh Mohamoud’s Approach
• Lack of Clarity: The interpretation of 1P1V by President Hassan Sheikh Mohamoud remains ambiguous, raising questions about its legitimacy and application.
• Manipulation of Elections:
• Constitutional Alterations: There are allegations that changes to the constitution undermine democratic processes.
• Flawed Electoral Laws: The electoral laws enacted lack broad political consensus, which could lead to disenfranchisement.
• Illegitimate Electoral Commission: The establishment of the electoral commission is perceived as lacking legitimacy, further complicating the electoral landscape. Summary
• Legitimacy of 1P1V: A true democratic framework necessitates a legitimate implementation of 1P1V that aligns with principles of self-governance, rule of law, and freedom.
• Opposition to Autocracy: The Somali populace’s resistance is not against the concept of 1P1V itself, but against an electoral process manipulated to favor President Hassan Sheikh Mohamoud.

This overview underscores the critical need for adherence to democratic principles to ensure that elections genuinely reflect the will of the people.”

“It’s clear that concerns about President Hassan Sheikh Mohamoud’s mental health and leadership are being voiced, particularly in light of conflicting statements and the experiences of vulnerable populations. This situation often leads to skepticism among the public, especially when leaders make statements that seem disconnected from reality or the lived experiences of their citizens. When leaders fail to align their words with the realities faced by the people, it can erode trust and raise doubts about their leadership capabilities. Public perception is crucial in any democratic society. If the populace feels that their leaders are not representing their interests or acknowledging their struggles, it can lead to significant political ramifications. In this context, it is essential for leaders to communicate transparently and authentically, especially in times of economic or social challenges. Addressing these concerns openly may help bridge the gap between the government and its citizens, fostering a sense of unity and trust.”

Warsame Digital Media
December 18, 2024

From Mogadishu to Jubaland State to Erigavo, a disputed city in the central Sanaag Region of Northeast Somalia, the flames of violence continue to engulf the nation. This chaos is largely instigated and perpetuated by irresponsible authorities at both national and local levels. The absence of a central authority committed to addressing these simmering tensions has led to devastating instability in a country already crippled by decades of conflict. Somalia, under the grip of tinpot dictators who refuse to learn from history, remains a failed state teetering on the brink of collapse.

The modest gains achieved through the resilience of the Somali people and the concerted efforts of the international community are being squandered. Corruption, petty personal politics, and selfish interests have taken precedence over the nation’s survival. Alarmingly, some actors seem intent on returning Somalia to the 1991 mayhem that destroyed the Somali state and displaced hundreds of thousands into refugee camps worldwide. History is repeating itself, with even soldiers of the Somali National Army now seeking asylum in neighboring Kenya. The new warlords of Somalia are profiting immensely from the misery of their people.

If the current leadership of the fledgling Federal Government is not held accountable, the pain and suffering of Somali citizens will only intensify, causing irreversible damage to the nation’s future. The survival of Somalia as a functional state is at stake. The time for action is now.

Recommendations Moving Forward

1. Strengthen Governance and Accountability
   • The Somali Federal Government must prioritize transparency and accountability at all levels. Independent anti-corruption bodies should be established and empowered to investigate and prosecute corrupt officials.
   • Local and federal authorities must work together to address grievances and ensure equitable resource distribution to prevent regional conflicts.
2. International Community Engagement
   • The international community must reassess its approach to Somalia. Rather than focusing solely on security measures, greater emphasis should be placed on supporting governance reforms, economic development, and humanitarian aid.
   • Donor funds should be closely monitored to ensure they are not siphoned off by corrupt officials or warlords.
3. Empower Civil Society and Media
   • Somali civil society organizations and independent media outlets must be supported to amplify the voices of ordinary citizens and hold leaders accountable.
   • Efforts to protect journalists and activists from intimidation and violence should be prioritized.
4. Address Root Causes of Conflict
   • The government, with international support, should initiate inclusive dialogue with all stakeholders, including clan leaders, regional authorities, and opposition groups, to address the root causes of conflict.
   • Disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration (DDR) programs for militias and armed groups must be revitalized to reduce the proliferation of weapons.
5. Economic Development and Job Creation
   • Investing in job creation, particularly for youth, is critical to reducing the appeal of joining armed groups.
   • Infrastructure projects and support for local businesses can help rebuild the economy and provide stability.
6. Regional Cooperation
   • Somalia’s neighbors, particularly Kenya, Ethiopia, and Djibouti, must play a constructive role in supporting peace and stability in Somalia.
   • Cross-border initiatives to combat arms smuggling and human trafficking should be strengthened.
7. Protect Displaced Populations
   • The government and international partners must prioritize the protection and support of internally displaced persons (IDPs) and refugees.
   • Long-term solutions, such as resettlement programs and access to education and healthcare, should be implemented to reduce dependency on aid.

Conclusion

The flames of violence in Somalia will not extinguish themselves. It will require a concerted effort from the Somali government, civil society, the international community, and regional actors to address the root causes of conflict and build a sustainable peace. The Somali people have shown remarkable resilience, but their patience is not infinite. Without urgent and meaningful action, the country risks descending into another cycle of chaos and destruction. The time to act is now—before it is too late.

Warsame Digital Media
December 18, 2024

According to observers, “The recent speeches delivered by President Hassan Sheikh have sparked significant anger and disappointment among the public, particularly due to his remarks on corruption and a perceived detachment from the struggles of ordinary citizens. Summary of Key Points1. Speech at the Somali Studies Conference – The President highlighted the educational achievements of his children, emphasizing their university graduations. This was interpreted as self-serving, and with many feelings, he neglected broader issues affecting all Somali children. The timing of this speech coincided with protests from the Ileys Academy community, who face eviction after the government sold their school land to a businessman.2. Groundbreaking Ceremony for the Gateway Complex Project – During this event, the President addressed concerns from residents displaced by government actions. His comments, suggesting that the public should not focus on his housing projects but rather on their own interests, were viewed as dismissive. This response, alongside ongoing allegations of corruption related to public funds for major construction projects, has further fueled public outrage. Public Reaction Both speeches have been met with fierce criticism on social media, with many interpreting the President’s remarks as indicative of a leader who is disconnected from the realities faced by his constituents This sentiment reflects a growing frustration regarding governance and accountability in Somalia, particularly around issues of corruption and public welfare. Conclusion. The disconnect between the President’s statements and the pressing concerns of the public has led to significant backlash, raising questions about his commitment to the welfare of all Somali citizens. As discussions continue online, there is an increasing need for leaders to engage meaningfully with their communities.”

After the end of the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union, the United States emerged as a unipolar power since 1990. A unipolar world is when one country dominates the majority of the world in terms of military power, economic power, and social and cultural influence. This was when many countries, such as the Soviet Union, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Ethiopia, and Sudan, broke into parts.

From 1990 to 2008, if you had the United States on your side, dividing a country and joining the United Nations was easier than it is now.

In 2011, South Sudan became the last independent country to join the United Nations as a result of a 2005 agreement that ended one of Africa’s longest civil wars. Montenegro joined the UN in 2006, and East Timor in 2002. However, Kosovo was unable to get this opportunity in 2008.

The Russian Federation (which has close ties with Serbia) has rejected the declaration and considers it illegal, and does not recognize Kosovo’s independence. In May 2008, Russia, China, and India released a joint statement calling for new negotiations between Belgrade and Pristina.

In reality, however one may believe Indeed, that Somaliland independence is unrealistic at the moment and that the truth must come out, but if Somaliland wants to improve its position within Somalia and intends to act like killing two birds with one stone, then this is may be bit understandable strategy

Ahmed Siad
December 16, 2024

Somalia’s mandates extended for two years. The Council today decided to prolong the mandate of the EU Naval Force Operation ATALANTA and of the EU’s military training mission in Somalia (EUTM Somalia) until 28 February 2027, adding to its decision of 5 December to prolong the mandate of theEU’s civilian capacity-building mission (EUCAP Somalia) until the same date. These decisions were taken following the holistic strategic review of the Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP) engagement in Somalia and the Horn of Africa, with the aim to strengthen the EU’s response to an evolving security context and to enhance its role as a maritime security provider.At the same time, the Council updated the mandate of Operation ATALANTA to enhance maritime security off the coast of Somalia, in the Gulf of Aden, the West Indian Ocean and parts of the Red Sea, and better support building a wider regional maritime security architecture. With the new mandate, the operation will continue to fight piracy and reduce illicit trafficking at sea. Synergies with the maritime operation ASPIDES, currently protecting merchant shipping in the Red Sea, will be enhanced. In parallel, the Maritime Security Centre (MSC) Horn of Africa, supporting both ATALANTA and ASPIDES, is being rebranded as MSC Indian Ocean, and its role is being reinforced. In Somalia, the EU’s CSDP action was widened to support the build-up of Somali Security Forces and institutions with the view to take over responsibility for its own security in the future, in line with the Joint EU-Somalia Roadmap. With the renewed mandates, EUCAP Somalia and EUTM Somalia will support the build-up of capable, sustainable, and accountable Somali securityinstitutions through strategic advice, mentoring and training, accompanied by EU-funded equipment support through the EuropeanPeace Facility. To strengthen the regional approach, the missions and the operation will support capacity-building efforts of theregional and, in particular, Djibouti maritime security forces within their means and capabilities.In order to uphold the EU’s core values, all activities will pay particular attention to international humanitarian law, human rights,preventing gender-based violence, protecting children in armed conflicts, and promoting the agenda of women, peace andsecurity and climate, security and defence.BackgroundOperation ATALANTA. Since its establishment in late 2008 in response to the rising levels of piracy in the Western Indian Ocean, Operation ATALANTAhas significantly contributed to the suppression of piracy, as well as the protection of the vessels of the World Food Programme(WFP), African Union Transition Mission in Somalia (ATMIS) and other international vulnerable shipping. The operation deters, prevents, and when needed represses acts of piracy, thus reducing the threat to the international maritime community. Additionally, the Operation has monitored the fishing activities off the coast of Somalia (outside Somali territorial sea) and supported other EUCSDP missions and international organisations working to strengthen maritime security and capacities in the region.EUCAP SomaliaLaunched in July 2012 as EUCAP Nestor, EUCAP Somalia currently contributes to advising, training and equipping the Federal Somali Police Force to contribute to the gradual establishment of the Rule of Law in Somalia. In addition, EUCAP Somalia assists Somalia in strengthening its maritime security capacity in order to enable it to enforce maritime law more effectively. EUCAPSomalia cooperates with EUTM Somalia to contribute to the development of the Somali Navy and Coast Guard, in relation to civilian coast guard functions. EUTM Somalia EUTM Somalia implements its mandate utilizing a three-pillar approach that focuses on training, mentoring, and the provision of strategic advice to the Somali National Armed Forces. Throughout the years, the EU training mission has refocused its tasks and sets out to support the internal development of specialised functions such as leadership, command & control, counter-IED, medical care, and logistics. EUTM Somalia contributes to an intensive training programme at the General Daghabadan Training Center near Mogadishu. In close cooperation with the European Peace Facility, EUTM Somalia provides advice on Somali National Armed Forces needs and training courses for new equipment.

EUTM Somalia website

EUCAP Somalia website

ATALANTA website

Press office – General Secretariat of the Council of the EURue de la Loi 175 – B-1048 BRUSSELS – Tel.: +32 (0)2 281 6319press@consilium.europa.eu – w.consilium.europa.eu/press

WDM EDITORIAL

None of the existing phone companies can link up or communicate with any of the others. Even warlords in the height of the Somali Civil War could communicate with each other on common issues. The problem of telecoms here is exacerbated when you have air money (electronic money) to pay for goods and services because the merchant you are dealing with uses a different phone company that doesn’t accept your payment. It is like trying to use a credit card that isn’t acceptable to a restaurant or a shop owner as frustrating and inconvenient as it may be to you. It doesn’t make any business sense for some of one’s potential customers to be locked out of the network.

A government also exists as a regulatory body. But when its leaders are corrupt, telecompanies bribe them to keep the status quo. This is exactly what is happening here. As an example, when I was requested to help officials of Villa Somalia years back for only ten days because they needed my expertise badly at the time, phone companies in Mogadishu started competing for my attention. I turned down all their bribing attempts. They tried to offer me free expensive smartphones to start with. They were disappointed in me. So be it.

You could think that Somalia wouldn’t be fixed until telecom problems of lack of interconnectivity is resolved. Until then we will be dealing with the uncompromising technology warlords of modern telecommunications in this country, and it implies that Somalia is a long way to heal to achieve the elusive peace and prosperity we all aspire to.

(This editorial was drafted today on the go on a rough road from Eyl/Baddey to Garowe, Puntland State  capital City).

“Dear Respected Leaders [ of the world] and Stakeholders [of Somalia]

We, the concerned citizens of Somalia and advocates for peace, federalism, and democratic governance, write to bring to your urgent attention the deteriorating political, security, and governance situation in Somalia under the current federal government led by President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud. The actions of the federal government have placed our nation on the brink of civil war and state collapse, threatening not only the peace and stability of Somalia but also the broader regional security.

Escalation of Tribal Conflicts and Misuse of Somalia National Armed Forces
Under President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud’s leadership, the federal government has blatantly violated the principles of the Provisional Federal Constitution by pursuing policies of division and confrontation. The misuse of the Somali National Armed Forces (SNAF) in tribal conflicts and politically motivated operations against regional states, particularly Jubaland, is alarming. The recent clashes between Jubaland forces and the Somali National Army in the Raaskanbooni region underscore the government’s direct involvement in escalating tribal wars, undermining federalism, and destabilizing regional administrations.

This conduct not only erodes trust in Somalia’s leadership but also highlights a dangerous pattern of corruption, personal gain, and the pursuit of authoritarian rule. Such actions violate Somalia’s federal framework, which seeks to ensure cooperation, inclusivity, and respect among member states. Instead of fostering unity and progress, the federal government has weaponized the armed forces to suppress opposition and advance its political agenda.

Call for Reimposition of Arms Embargo and Financial Accountability
Given the current government’s failure to uphold its constitutional responsibilities and its misuse of international resources, we urgently call upon the international community and the United Nations to:

Reimpose the Arms Embargo on Somalia: The misuse of Somalia’s national armed forces to wage politically motivated conflicts against regional states and clan groups is a clear violation of their intended purpose. These forces should solely be deployed to combat terrorism and extremism. Until credible reforms are implemented, lifting the arms embargo would further destabilize the nation.

Suspend Funding to the Somali National Army (SNA): The federal government’s mismanagement of funds, money laundering, and diversion of resources to fuel tribal wars necessitates immediate action. All financial aid should be contingent upon robust accountability mechanisms to ensure neutrality and transparency in the use of funds.

Establish an Independent Monitoring Mechanism: The UN and international partners must deploy a monitoring team to investigate the federal government’s actions, including corruption, misuse of military resources, and human rights violations. This team should report directly to the Security Council and other stakeholders to ensure impartiality.

Support Reforms and Federal Dialogue: The international community must facilitate negotiations among Somalia’s federal member states to restore trust and cooperation. Mechanisms must be established to strengthen constitutional adherence, accountability, and inclusivity in decision-making processes.

A Call for Urgent Action
Somalia is at a critical juncture. The current federal government has demonstrated its inability to govern effectively, respect the rule of law, or promote federalism. Instead, it has fostered division, corruption, and conflict, pushing the nation closer to civil war. The international community must not allow these actions to go unchecked.

We appeal to you to act decisively to prevent further destabilization. Immediate measures, including the reimposition of the arms embargo, suspension of military funding, and the deployment of monitoring groups, are essential to safeguard Somalia’s future. The Somali people deserve leadership that respects the constitution, promotes peace, and prioritizes national unity over personal gain.

We trust that you will consider this appeal with the urgency it demands.

Sincerely,”

Some people in the Somali media outlets are worried by statements of Western diplomats invited to attend the inauguration of the newly elected president of Somaliland, Abdirahman Cirro, in Hargheisa. They should know that Somaliland can’t be a viable nation-state because of the facts that

1. It lacks resources of any kind, including manpower.
2. It is another begging basket without returns to its foreign supporters.
3. It can only act as a foreign military and naval base. So is Djibouti nearby. That isn’t the would-be independence it is seeking.
4. It can’t provide employment opportunities to its own residents.
5. It has no space for business and trade interests to its residents, to forget about someone else.
6. The entity of Somaliland merely exists because of the Mogadishu/Hawiye problem in Somalia. What other choice do they have?
7. Western diplomats people were quoting from Hargheisa are just frustrated with Villa Somalia. Remember, they met with Hassan Sheikh Mohamud recently to warn him of Jubaland attack plan, and he didn’t heed their advice. They are fed up with his idiotic one-man show policy and mal-administration. Their statements in Hargheisa are pressure tactics only, but not an implicit support for Somaliland’s call for unitaleral independence, which doesn’t have any economic and political sense. It is a pipe dream for Hargeisa fanatics taking advantage of misinformed and misguided society there.
8. Historically, Somaliland British Protectorate was a meat supply base for British military garrison stationed that time in Aden, Yemen. It was prohibitively expensive for Great Britain to stay on in Somaliland.

EDITOR’S NOTE.

Now, it becomes apparent what Arnaud Bettrand couldn’t explain and the puzzle he faced with regards to recent Syrian developments. That has been elegantly explained by Daljir Media: ”
The “Arc of Crisis” has been defined as an area stretching from the Indian subcontinent in the east to the Horn of Africa in the west. The Middle East constitutes its central core. Its strategic position is unequalled: It holds in its subsoil about three-fourths of the proven and estimated world oil reserves.

The Arc of Crisis was coined by Zbigniew Brzezinski in 1978 and it matches well with Mackinder’s 1904 Geographical Pivot of History and his Heartland Theory, which emphasized the strategic importance of the Pivot Area for the emerging empire. Pivot Area includes Russia, Ukraine, eastern Europe, and the central Asian countries of Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan. Ukraine is the first target of conquering the Pivot Area.” Click the link below:

https://twitter.com/radiodaljir/status/1868044879051317444?t=Fkh43RIQ_YI4T5SJ5MQUHA&s=08

“What’s happening Syria is probably the most incoherent geopolitical event I’ve come across, and the more you look into it, the more confusing it gets.

I mean, just look at this list:

– First of all, the speed of Assad’s collapse still makes very little sense: after successfully holding out against multiple enemies for 13 years with Russian and Iranian backing in a brutal civil war, his regime suddenly crumbled in just 11 days with almost no bloodshed.
– The “liberators” of Syria being celebrated by the West are Islamist groups on their own official terrorist lists. The country’s new leader, Al-Julani, still has a $10 million bounty on his head as a “Specially Designated Global Terrorist” for founding the Syrian branch of Al Qaeda.
– Biden called this “a historic opportunity for the long-suffering people of Syria to build a better future” while his administration continues to occupy a third of Syria, control its oil fields, maintain crippling sanctions, and bomb its territory… thereby obviously very much compromising this better future.
– Assad’s Prime Minister immediately agreed to work with the rebels and they accepted him – despite being mortal enemies in a brutal 13-year civil war.
– Al-Julani, after years of orchestrating suicide bombings and sectarian massacres against civilians, is now suddenly positioning himself as “diversity friendly”.
– Russia, despite being in an alliance with Syria dating back to the Soviet era, billions invested in protecting Assad, and their only Mediterranean naval base in Tartus, essentially shrugged it all and let their ally fall.
– Syria’s new leaders remain bizarrely silent about Israel invading their territory and the U.S. bombing and occupying their country. They’ve said nothing about their strategic assets – including the entire navy and air force – being destroyed in U.S. and Israeli air raids.
– The U.S. maintains its occupation of a third of Syria (including most oil fields), claiming it’s necessary to “ensure the enduring defeat of ISIS” – despite Trump declaring in 2019 (and the U.S. repeatedly confirming since) that “we have defeated ISIS in Syria”. Western media largely ignore this ongoing occupation while celebrating Syria’s “liberation”.
– Hamas, while in the middle of a war with Israel, took time to congratulate the Syrian rebels – even though Assad was their (and Iran’s) longtime ally and Syria’s fall significantly weakens their own strategic position.
– The U.S. celebrates the liberation of Syrian prisoners while operating its own concentration camps in the country (newyorker.com/magazine/2024/…) holding tens of thousands indefinitely without trial – half of them children – but that apparently doesn’t count as oppression.
– Türkiye is fighting against the Kurdish-led Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) with apparent U.S. approval, while the SDF was fighting Assad (which the U.S. wanted) – meaning U.S.-backed forces are effectively fighting other U.S.-backed forces.
– Iran, normally eager to defend its regional interests, suddenly abandoned billions in investments and a crucial strategic ally in their “Axis of Resistance”, evacuating their personnel and citizens within hours.

Truly one of the strangest chapters in modern geopolitical history. Every possible explanation contains its own contradictions, and most players are acting against their own stated principles and interests.

At this stage, it looks like the simplest explanation might go something like this: the U.S. welcomes the fall of a longtime opponent; neighboring powers like Israel and Türkiye see an opportunity for territorial gain; rebel leaders seem willing to accept loss of sovereignty and territory in exchange for domestic control over a diminished Syria; Russia and Iran chose to cut their losses given other regional priorities; and smaller players like Hamas are scrambling to adapt. Still, the unprecedented speed and coordination of these events suggests we’re missing some crucial pieces of this very strange puzzle.”

Any other decent politician having these problems would have resigned.

THE PRESIDENTOF THE SUPREME REVOLUTIONARY COUNCILHAVING SEEN The First Charter of the Revolution;CONSIDERING The approval of the Councils SRC and Secretaries of State;PROMULGATES the following Law:Article 1. The Territorial Sea. 1.The Somali Territorial Sea includes the portion of the Sea to the extent of 200 nautical miles within the continental and insular coasts, delimited according to the provisions of Articles 2 and 3 of this Law. 2. The Somali Territorial Sea is under the sovereignty of the Somali Democratic Republic. Offences committed within these limits of the territorial sea on board a vessel relating to penal health, and public security shall be governed by Somali Law.Article 2. Measurement of the Territorial Sea: 1. The normal base line for measuring the breadth of the territorial sea is the low water line along the coast. 2. In localities where the coastline is deeply indented or if there is a friings of islands along the coast in its immediate vicinity, the method of straight baseline joining appropriate points may be employed in drawing the baseline from which the breadth of the territorial Sea is measured. 3. Waters on the landward side of the baseline of the Territorial Sea form part of the internal waters of the State within the meaning of Article 4 below. Article 3.Territorial Sea for Islands and Archipelagos. 1 Where an island is situated within the 200 mile limit, the belt of waters round it will constitute territorial waters. This belt will be 200 miles wide and will be measured from low-water mark following the sinuasities of the island.2. A group of islands forming part of an archipelago shall be considered as a unit, and its territorial waters shall be measured from the centre of the archipelago. Article 4. Internal Waters and Maritime Ports. 1. The internal maritime waters include all navigable waters in Somali rivers open for maritime vessels and maritime ports with the areas as delimited by the table annexed herewith.2 The internal Somali waters are subject to the sovereignty of the Republic according to Somali Laws and the provision of this Law.Article 5Fishing and Coastal Navigation1 Fishing in the territorial sea and regular transportation of persons and goods between Somali Ports are reserved for vessels flying the Somali Flag and other authorised vessels.2. Any infringement of the above provision shall be punished with a fine from 5,000/- to 100,000/-So. Shs. and in case of repetition of the infringement by the vessel or the operator, the punishment may be doubled and the captain shall be liable for offences prescribed by the Somali Penal Laws and the vessel may be confiscated.3. Any contract of transportation made in violation of paragraph 1 above is void and without effect and the vessel executing or intending to execute the contract shall be subject to a fine equal to 5 times the freight or the fare stipulated or fixed by the usage for similar operation.Article 6Innocent Passage Through the Territorial SeaSubject to the provisions of the Law merchant ships of all nationalities are allowed to the right of innocent passage through the Territorial Sea within the limits laid down by this Law and the general principles of the international Law of the Sea.Article 7Meaning of Innocent Passage1. Passage means navigation through the Territorial Sea for the purpose of either traversing that sea without entering internal waters or of proceeding to internal waters or of making for the high Sea from internal waters.2 Passage includes stopping and anchoring, but only in so far as the same are incidental to ordinary navigation or are rendered necessary by force majeur or by distress, but not for loading or unloading goods for passengers.Article 8Limits of Innocent PassagePassage is innocent so long as it is not prejudicial to peace, good order, health or security of the Republic. Such passage shall take place in conformity with the provisions of this Law, and with the general rules and principles of international Law.Article 9 Prohibited Passage1. Passage in the Territorial Sea and internal waters is not allowed to vessels having the nationality of states not recognised by the Somali Democratic Republic.2. In case of violation of the above paragraph, the Somali authorities may take any measures necessary to ensure its.Article 10Warships1. Foreign Warships are not allowed to passage through the Territorial Sea unless they are authorised by the Somali Government.Article 11Respect of Somali Laws in Territorial Sea1 All ships exercising the right of innocent passage shall comply with Somali Laws and regulations.2. Each vessel, while passing through the Territorial Sea, shall hoist its national flag and comply with the orders made according to Somali Laws – by the competent Authorities.3. In case of infringement of any of the two above paragraphs, the vessel shall be punished with a fine from 1,000/ to 100,000/- So. Shs. unless the fact or the omission constitutes a more grave crime.Article 12Entering to Internal Waters1. All Ships proceeding to internal waters or ports shall comply with the provisions set by the maritime Code for this purpose.2. Subject to the limitation laid down by Article 5 of this Law all mercant ships except those mentioned by Article 9 paragraph 1 above are granted the rights to enter in Somali Ports for any commercial operation, especially to load, unloade, unload cargoes, embark or disembark passengers. Article 13Defence ZonesThe Somali competent Authorities may take the necessary measures to suspend temporarily innocent passage of all foreign ships, in specified areas of the territorial sea, if this becomes necessary for the protection of the security of the State. Article 14Charges for Services RenderedCharges levied on Ships in internal waters are also levied upon foreign Ships passing through the Territorial sea for services rendered or measures taken regarding the vessels for their security and the implementation of rules of the police of the navigation.Article 15Criminal Jurisdiction on Foreign Ships1. The criminal jurisdiction of the Republic shall be exercised on board foreign ships passing through the Territorial sea or anchoring in the ports with respect to the arrest of any person or conduct any investigation in connection with any crime committed on board the ship during its passage. Criminal jurisdiction is confirmed to the following cases:(a) if the consequences of the crime extend to the Territory of the Republic;(b) if the crime is of a kind to disturb the peace of the country or the order of the Territorial Sea or the Port;(c) if the assistance of the local authorities has been requested by the captain of the Ship or by the Consul of the country whose flag the Ship flies;(d) if it is necessary for the suspension of illicit traffic in narcotic drugs.2. The Authorities may take any step authorised by the Somali Laws and regulations for the purpose of any arrest or investigation on board a foreign ship while it is passing through the Territorial Sea after leaving the internal waters or the port.3. In the cases provided for in paragraph 1 and 2 of this Article the Authorities shall, if the captain so requests, advise the consular Authority of the Flag State before taking any steps, and shall facilitate contact between such Authorities and the ship’s crew. In cases of emergency, this notification may be communicated while the measures are being taken.4. Local Authorities shall not take any steps on board a ship passing through the Territorial Sea to arrest any person or conduct any investigation in connection with any crime committed before the ship enters into the Territorial Sea and it is only passing through the Territorial Sea without entering internal waters.Article 16 Civil Jurisdiction on Foreign ShipsThe authorities may not levy execution against, or arrest, the ship for the purpose of any civil proceeding, save only:(a) in respect of obligations or liabilities assumed or incurred by the ship itself in the course or for the purpose of its voyage through the Territorial Sea or internal waters; (b) in the cases provided for by the maritime Code.Article 17 Government Ships1. The rules provided for in the preceding Article shall apply also to foreign government ships operated for commercial purposes.2. The above rules do not affect the immunities which Government ships operated for non commercial purposes enjoy.Article 18Arrest Vessels by the AuthoritiesIn case where a punishment is prescribed for infringement committed by a foreign vessel the Somali Authorities may arrest the vessel until the said punishment is fulfilled or a sufficient security for this purpose is furnished.Article 19Any provision contrary to this Law or inconsistent with it is hereby abrogated.Article 20Entry into Force of this LawThis Law shall come into force on the thirtieth day of its publication.Mogadishu, 10 September 1972.

THE PRESIDENT of the Supreme Revolutionary Council Major Gen. Mohamed Siyad Barre

By AA,Expert in LLM,December 12, 2024.

Ethiopia presented clear and focused demands during its recent negotiations with Somalia, mediated by Turkey in Ankara, while Somalia’s position remained broad and ambitious. Ethiopia’s objectives were explicitly outlined in the communiqué, reflecting its strategic priorities.Ethiopia’s Demands:1. Recognition of Ethiopia’s Military Role in Somalia:The FGS’s decision to exclude Ethiopia from the Troops Contributing Countries in the new mission (AUSSOM) and its push for Ethiopia’s withdrawal from Somali territory, while condemning certain military maneuvers in parts of the country, appeared to downplay Ethiopia’s role and neutrality in Somalia. As a result, Ethiopia sought to leverage the communiqué to prompt Somalia into acknowledging of its military influence and strategic leverage over the country, positioning this as a basis for its involvement in the new mission.The communiqué emphasizes the significance of the point in a standalone line, stating:“Somalia recognizes the sacrifices of Ethiopian soldiers within the African Union Missions.”Notably, it does not specifically refer to ATMIS or AMISOM, but rather uses the term “African Union Missions” to encompass both past and potential missions.2. Access to the Somali Sea:Ethiopia emphasized the need for assured and secure access to the Somali sea, framing this as a strategic priority. The communiqué included the following language:“They acknowledged the potentially diverse benefits that could be derived from Ethiopia’s assured access to and from the sea.”It further elaborated:“They agreed to closely work together to finalize mutually advantageous commercial arrangements through bilateral agreements, including contract, lease, and similar modalities, which will allow the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia to enjoy reliable, secure, and sustainable access to and from the sea.”3. Expeditious Technical Arrangements on Sea Access:Ethiopia sought to expedite technical negotiations with the Federal Government of Somalia (FGS) to formalize the sea access agreement. This urgency was underscored by its intention to secure agreements with Somalia before revising its arrangements with Somaliland. The communiqué stated:“They decided to start technical negotiations in good faith for these purposes no later than the end of February 2025, with the facilitation of Türkiye, to be concluded and signed in four months.”Somalia’s Position:1. Ethiopia’s Withdrawal from the MoU with Somaliland:Somalia long sought Ethiopia’s explicit retraction of its Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with Somaliland, which Somalia considers illegal. However, the communiqué made no direct reference to this demand. Instead, it adopted broad and general language, stating:“They agreed, within a spirit of friendship and mutual respect, to forgo and leave behind differences and contentious issues and collaborate in a cooperative manner to pursue shared prosperity.”Ethiopia deliberately refrained to explicitly express cancelling the MoU with Somaliland, likely to serve as plausible deniability in case of any future uncertainties with Somalia, and to avoid a direct confrontation with Somaliland. On the other hand, Somalia critically failed to unequivocally assert this vital position, which lies at the heart of the communiqué and represents the primary source of conflict between the two countries.2. Reaffirmation of Somaliland’s Status as Part of Somalia:Somalia also wanted Ethiopia to explicitly reaffirm that Somaliland remains an indisputable part of Somalia This position stemmed from Ethiopia’s actions, which implied recognition of Somaliland as a sovereign state (Tacit Recognition). Under international law, a state’s actions and statements on such matters carry legal implications and contribute to establishing its official stance. However, the communiqué did not directly address this issue. Instead, it used broad language regarding the relationship between the two nations:“The Leaders of Somalia and Ethiopia reaffirmed their respect and commitment to one another’s sovereignty, unity, independence, and territorial integrity, as well as the principles enshrined in international law, the Charter of the United Nations, and the Constitutive Act of the African Union.”This indicates that Ethiopia deliberately avoided any explicit mention of Somaliland, while Somalia failed to effectively articulate this point, instead relying on general language in the communiqué.Conclusions:1. Ethiopia was precise and strategic in articulating its demands within the communiqué, whereas Somalia’s position was broader and lacked specificity, particularly regarding critical sovereignty issues.2. Ethiopia’s inclusion of terms such as “assured access,” “reliable, secure, and sustainable access” reflects its long-term strategic interests. These terms could significantly influence future negotiations with Somalia, particularly concerning maritime access and sovereignty.3. Somalia needs to be more strategic and articulate in the upcoming technical discussions, ensuring that potential agreements with Ethiopia align with the Somalis commercial interests.

[Courtesy].